And Storybook History of St. Barth
From Columbus to the Swedish Era
Although modest in size, Saint Barthélemy has a remarkably rich and layered past that shaped the island's distinct identity. First inhabited by Indigenous Caribbean peoples, the island was later claimed by Europeans who recognized its strategic position along regional trade routes. The French established a presence during the 17th century, though life on the island remained simple and isolated for many decades.
A particularly notable chapter began in 1784, when France ceded Saint Barthélemy to Sweden in exchange for trading rights. Under Swedish rule, the port was renamed Gustavia after King Gustav III, and the town was developed as a thriving free port. Warehouses, customs houses, administrative buildings, and forts were constructed around the harbor, many of which still stand today as major heritage landmarks.
Among the most iconic sites is Fort Karl, perched above Shell Beach, offering panoramic views over the coast. Fort Gustav, overlooking the harbor, once served as a critical defensive lookout. The Swedish Bell Tower, the old Gaïac houses, and the remains of the Swedish Hospital are further reminders of this Scandinavian period. Street names—such as Köping, Strand, and Piteå—still echo Swedish heritage.
In 1878, Saint Barthélemy returned to French rule after a local referendum. Life remained traditionally simple until the mid-20th century, when the arrival of airplanes, modern infrastructure, and early adventurous travelers transformed the island. Little by little, Saint Barthélemy became an exclusive escape for artists, sailors, bohemians, and eventually the international jet set.
Swedish Heritage
A preserved Swedish trading house in Gustavia
